home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
-
- /***********************************************
- *
- * file d:\cips\edge.c
- *
- * Functions: This file contains
- * detect_edges
- * setup_masks
- * get_edge_options
- * perform_convolution
- * quick_edge
- * fix_edges
- *
- * Purpose:
- * These functions implement several
- * types of basic edge detection.
- *
- * External Calls:
- * wtiff.c - does_not_exist
- * round_off_image_size
- * create_allocate_tiff_file
- * write_array_into_tiff_image
- * tiff.c - read_tiff_header
- * rtiff.c - read_tiff_image
- * numcvrt.c - get_integer
- *
- *
- * Modifications:
- * 27 January 1991 - created
- *
- *************************************************/
-
- #include "d:\cips\cips.h"
-
-
-
-
-
- short quick_mask[3][3] = {
- {-1, 0, -1},
- { 0, 4, 0},
- {-1, 0, -1} };
-
-
- /***************************
- *
- * Directions for the masks
- * 3 2 1
- * 4 x 0
- * 5 6 7
- *
- ****************************/
-
- /* masks for kirsch operator */
- short kirsch_mask_0[3][3] = {
- { 5, 5, 5},
- {-3, 0, -3},
- {-3, -3, -3} };
-
- short kirsch_mask_1[3][3] = {
- {-3, 5, 5},
- {-3, 0, 5},
- {-3, -3, -3} };
-
- short kirsch_mask_2[3][3] = {
- {-3, -3, 5},
- {-3, 0, 5},
- {-3, -3, 5} };
-
- short kirsch_mask_3[3][3] = {
- {-3, -3, -3},
- {-3, 0, 5},
- {-3, 5, 5} };
-
- short kirsch_mask_4[3][3] = {
- {-3, -3, -3},
- {-3, 0, -3},
- { 5, 5, 5} };
-
- short kirsch_mask_5[3][3] = {
- {-3, -3, -3},
- { 5, 0, -3},
- { 5, 5, -3} };
-
- short kirsch_mask_6[3][3] = {
- { 5, -3, -3},
- { 5, 0, -3},
- { 5, -3, -3} };
-
- short kirsch_mask_7[3][3] = {
- { 5, 5, -3},
- { 5, 0, -3},
- {-3, -3, -3} };
-
-
-
-
-
-
- /* masks for prewitt operator */
-
- short prewitt_mask_0[3][3] = {
- { 1, 1, 1},
- { 1, -2, 1},
- {-1, -1, -1} };
-
- short prewitt_mask_1[3][3] = {
- { 1, 1, 1},
- { 1, -2, -1},
- { 1, -1, -1} };
-
- short prewitt_mask_2[3][3] = {
- { 1, 1, -1},
- { 1, -2, -1},
- { 1, 1, -1} };
-
- short prewitt_mask_3[3][3] = {
- { 1, -1, -1},
- { 1, -2, -1},
- { 1, 1, 1} };
-
- short prewitt_mask_4[3][3] = {
- {-1, -1, -1},
- { 1, -2, 1},
- { 1, 1, 1} };
-
- short prewitt_mask_5[3][3] = {
- {-1, -1, 1},
- {-1, -2, 1},
- { 1, 1, 1} };
-
- short prewitt_mask_6[3][3] = {
- {-1, 1, 1},
- {-1, -2, 1},
- {-1, 1, 1} };
-
- short prewitt_mask_7[3][3] = {
- { 1, 1, 1},
- {-1, -2, 1},
- {-1, -1, 1} };
-
-
-
-
-
-
- /* masks for sobel operator */
-
- short sobel_mask_0[3][3] = {
- { 1, 2, 1},
- { 0, 0, 0},
- {-1, -2, -1} };
-
- short sobel_mask_1[3][3] = {
- { 2, 1, 0},
- { 1, 0, -1},
- { 0, -1, -2} };
-
- short sobel_mask_2[3][3] = {
- { 1, 0, -1},
- { 2, 0, -2},
- { 1, 0, -1} };
- short sobel_mask_3[3][3] = {
- { 0, -1, -2},
- { 1, 0, -1},
- { 2, 1, 0} };
-
- short sobel_mask_4[3][3] = {
- {-1, -2, -1},
- { 0, 0, 0},
- { 1, 2, 1} };
-
- short sobel_mask_5[3][3] = {
- {-2, -1, 0},
- {-1, 0, 1},
- { 0, 1, 2} };
-
- short sobel_mask_6[3][3] = {
- {-1, 0, 1},
- {-2, 0, 2},
- {-1, 0, 1} };
-
- short sobel_mask_7[3][3] = {
- { 0, 1, 2},
- {-1, 0, 1},
- {-2, -1, 0} };
-
-
-
-
-
-
- /**************************************************
- *
- * detect_edges(...
- *
- * This function detects edges in an area of one
- * image and sends the result to another image
- * on disk. It reads the input image from disk,
- * calls a convolution function, and then writes
- * the result out to disk. If needed, it
- * allocates space on disk for the output image.
- *
- ***************************************************/
-
-
-
-
- detect_edges(in_name, out_name, the_image, out_image,
- il, ie, ll, le, detect_type, threshold,
- high)
- char in_name[], out_name[];
- int detect_type, high, il, ie,
- ll, le, threshold;
- short the_image[ROWS][COLS], out_image[ROWS][COLS];
-
- {
- int i, j, k, length, width;
- struct tiff_header_struct image_header;
-
-
- if(does_not_exist(out_name)){
- read_tiff_header(in_name, &image_header);
- round_off_image_size(&image_header,
- &length, &width);
- image_header.image_length = length*ROWS;
- image_header.image_width = width*COLS;
- create_allocate_tiff_file(out_name, &image_header,
- out_image);
- } /* ends if does_not_exist */
- read_tiff_image(in_name, the_image, il, ie, ll, le);
-
- read_tiff_header(in_name, &image_header);
-
- perform_convolution(the_image, out_image,
- detect_type, threshold,
- &image_header, high);
-
- fix_edges(out_image, 1);
-
- write_array_into_tiff_image(out_name, out_image,
- il, ie, ll, le);
- } /* ends detect_edges */
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- /**********************************************************
- *
- * perform_convolution(...
- *
- * This function performs convolution between the input
- * image and 8 3x3 masks. The result is placed in
- * the out_image.
- *
- ********************************************************/
-
- perform_convolution(image, out_image,
- detect_type, threshold,
- image_header, high)
- short image[ROWS][COLS],
- out_image[ROWS][COLS];
- int detect_type, high, threshold;
- struct tiff_header_struct *image_header;
- {
-
- int a,
- b,
- i,
- is_present,
- j,
- sum;
-
- short mask_0[3][3],
- mask_1[3][3],
- mask_2[3][3],
- mask_3[3][3],
- mask_4[3][3],
- mask_5[3][3],
- mask_6[3][3],
- mask_7[3][3],
- max,
- min,
- new_hi,
- new_low;
-
-
- setup_masks(detect_type, mask_0, mask_1,
- mask_2, mask_3, mask_4, mask_5,
- mask_6, mask_7);
-
- new_hi = 250;
- new_low = 16;
- if(image_header->bits_per_pixel == 4){
- new_hi = 10;
- new_low = 3;
- }
-
- min = 0;
- max = 255;
- if(image_header->bits_per_pixel == 4)
- max = 16;
-
- /* clear output image array */
- for(i=0; i<ROWS; i++)
- for(j=0; j<COLS; j++)
- out_image[i][j] = 0;
-
- printf("\n ");
-
- for(i=1; i<ROWS-1; i++){
- if( (i%10) == 0) printf("%3d", i);
- for(j=1; j<COLS-1; j++){
-
-
- /* Convolve for all 8 directions */
-
- /* 0 direction */
-
- sum = 0;
- for(a=-1; a<2; a++){
- for(b=-1; b<2; b++){
- sum = sum + image[i+a][j+b] *
- mask_0[a+1][b+1];
- }
- }
- if(sum > max) sum = max;
- if(sum < 0) sum = 0;
- out_image[i][j] = sum;
-
-
- /* 1 direction */
-
- sum = 0;
- for(a=-1; a<2; a++){
- for(b=-1; b<2; b++){
- sum = sum + image[i+a][j+b] * mask_1[a+1][b+1];
- }
- }
- if(sum > max) sum = max;
- if(sum < 0) sum = 0;
- out_image[i][j] = sum;
-
-
- /* 2 direction */
-
- sum = 0;
- for(a=-1; a<2; a++){
- for(b=-1; b<2; b++){
- sum = sum + image[i+a][j+b] * mask_2[a+1][b+1];
- }
- }
- if(sum > max) sum = max;
- if(sum < 0) sum = 0;
- out_image[i][j] = sum;
-
-
- /* 3 direction */
-
- sum = 0;
- for(a=-1; a<2; a++){
- for(b=-1; b<2; b++){
- sum = sum + image[i+a][j+b] * mask_3[a+1][b+1];
- }
- }
- if(sum > max) sum = max;
- if(sum < 0) sum = 0;
- out_image[i][j] = sum;
-
-
- /* 4 direction */
-
- sum = 0;
- for(a=-1; a<2; a++){
- for(b=-1; b<2; b++){
- sum = sum + image[i+a][j+b] * mask_4[a+1][b+1];
- }
- }
- if(sum > max) sum = max;
- if(sum < 0) sum = 0;
- out_image[i][j] = sum;
-
-
- /* 5 direction */
-
- sum = 0;
- for(a=-1; a<2; a++){
- for(b=-1; b<2; b++){
- sum = sum + image[i+a][j+b] * mask_5[a+1][b+1];
- }
- }
- if(sum > max) sum = max;
- if(sum < 0) sum = 0;
- out_image[i][j] = sum;
-
-
- /* 6 direction */
- sum = 0;
- for(a=-1; a<2; a++){
- for(b=-1; b<2; b++){
- sum = sum + image[i+a][j+b] * mask_6[a+1][b+1];
- }
- }
- if(sum > max) sum = max;
- if(sum < 0) sum = 0;
- out_image[i][j] = sum;
-
-
- /* 7 direction */
-
- sum = 0;
- for(a=-1; a<2; a++){
- for(b=-1; b<2; b++){
- sum = sum + image[i+a][j+b] * mask_7[a+1][b+1];
- }
- }
- if(sum > max) sum = max;
- if(sum < 0) sum = 0;
- out_image[i][j] = sum;
-
-
- } /* ends loop over j */
- } /* ends loop over i */
-
-
- /* if desired, threshold the output image */
- if(threshold == 1){
- for(i=0; i<ROWS; i++){
- for(j=0; j<COLS; j++){
- if(out_image[i][j] > high){
- out_image[i][j] = new_hi;
- }
- else{
- out_image[i][j] = new_low;
- }
- }
- }
- } /* ends if threshold == 1 */
-
- } /* ends perform_convolution */
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- /*******************************************
- *
- * quick_edge(...
- *
- * This function finds edges by using
- * a single 3x3 mask.
- *
- *******************************************/
-
-
- quick_edge(in_name, out_name, the_image, out_image,
- il, ie, ll, le, threshold, high)
- char in_name[], out_name[];
- int high, il, ie, ll, le, threshold;
- short the_image[ROWS][COLS], out_image[ROWS][COLS];
-
- {
- int a, b, i, j, k,
- length, max, new_hi, new_low,
- sum, width;
- struct tiff_header_struct image_header;
-
-
- if(does_not_exist(out_name)){
- printf("\n\n output file does not exist %s", out_name);
- read_tiff_header(in_name, &image_header);
- round_off_image_size(&image_header,
- &length, &width);
- image_header.image_length = length*ROWS;
- image_header.image_width = width*COLS;
- create_allocate_tiff_file(out_name, &image_header,
- out_image);
- } /* ends if does_not_exist */
-
- read_tiff_header(in_name, &image_header);
- new_hi = 250;
- new_low = 16;
- if(image_header.bits_per_pixel == 4){
- new_hi = 10;
- new_low = 3;
- }
-
- max = 255;
- if(image_header.bits_per_pixel == 4)
- max = 16;
-
-
- read_tiff_image(in_name, the_image, il, ie, ll, le);
-
- /* Do convolution over image array */
- printf("\n");
- for(i=1; i<ROWS-1; i++){
- if( (i%10) == 0) printf("%d ", i);
- for(j=1; j<COLS-1; j++){
- sum = 0;
- for(a=-1; a<2; a++){
- for(b=-1; b<2; b++){
- sum = sum +
- the_image[i+a][j+b] *
- quick_mask[a+1][b+1];
- }
- }
- if(sum < 0) sum = 0;
- if(sum > max) sum = max;
- out_image[i][j] = sum;
-
- } /* ends loop over j */
- } /* ends loop over i */
-
- /* if desired, threshold the output image */
- if(threshold == 1){
- for(i=0; i<ROWS; i++){
- for(j=0; j<COLS; j++){
- if(out_image[i][j] > high){
- out_image[i][j] = new_hi;
- }
- else{
- out_image[i][j] = new_low;
- }
- }
- }
- } /* ends if threshold == 1 */
-
- fix_edges(out_image, 1);
-
- write_array_into_tiff_image(out_name, out_image,
- il, ie, ll, le);
-
- } /* ends quick_edge */
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- /***********************************************
- *
- * setup_masks(...
- *
- * This function copies the mask values defined
- * at the top of this file into the mask
- * arrays mask_0 through mask_7.
- *
- ***********************************************/
-
-
-
- setup_masks(detect_type, mask_0, mask_1, mask_2, mask_3,
- mask_4, mask_5, mask_6, mask_7)
- int detect_type;
- short mask_0[3][3],
- mask_1[3][3],
- mask_2[3][3],
- mask_3[3][3],
- mask_4[3][3],
- mask_5[3][3],
- mask_6[3][3],
- mask_7[3][3];
- {
- int i, j;
-
- if(detect_type == KIRSCH){
- for(i=0; i<3; i++){
- for(j=0; j<3; j++){
- mask_0[i][j] = kirsch_mask_0[i][j];
- mask_1[i][j] = kirsch_mask_1[i][j];
- mask_2[i][j] = kirsch_mask_2[i][j];
- mask_3[i][j] = kirsch_mask_3[i][j];
- mask_4[i][j] = kirsch_mask_4[i][j];
- mask_5[i][j] = kirsch_mask_5[i][j];
- mask_6[i][j] = kirsch_mask_6[i][j];
- mask_7[i][j] = kirsch_mask_7[i][j];
- }
- }
- } /* ends if detect_type == KIRSCH */
-
-
- if(detect_type == PREWITT){
- for(i=0; i<3; i++){
- for(j=0; j<3; j++){
- mask_0[i][j] = prewitt_mask_0[i][j];
- mask_1[i][j] = prewitt_mask_1[i][j];
- mask_2[i][j] = prewitt_mask_2[i][j];
- mask_3[i][j] = prewitt_mask_3[i][j];
- mask_4[i][j] = prewitt_mask_4[i][j];
- mask_5[i][j] = prewitt_mask_5[i][j];
- mask_6[i][j] = prewitt_mask_6[i][j];
- mask_7[i][j] = prewitt_mask_7[i][j];
- }
- }
- } /* ends if detect_type == PREWITT */
-
-
- if(detect_type == SOBEL){
- for(i=0; i<3; i++){
- for(j=0; j<3; j++){
- mask_0[i][j] = sobel_mask_0[i][j];
- mask_1[i][j] = sobel_mask_1[i][j];
- mask_2[i][j] = sobel_mask_2[i][j];
- mask_3[i][j] = sobel_mask_3[i][j];
- mask_4[i][j] = sobel_mask_4[i][j];
- mask_5[i][j] = sobel_mask_5[i][j];
- mask_6[i][j] = sobel_mask_6[i][j];
- mask_7[i][j] = sobel_mask_7[i][j];
- }
- }
- } /* ends if detect_type == SOBEL */
-
-
-
- } /* ends setup_masks */
-
-
-
- /***********************************************
- *
- * get_edge_options(...
- *
- * This function queries the user for the
- * parameters need to perform edge
- * detection.
- *
- ***********************************************/
-
-
- get_edge_options(detect_type, threshold, high, size)
- int *detect_type, *high, *size, *threshold;
- {
- int not_finished, response;
- not_finished = 1;
- while(not_finished){
-
- printf("\nThe Edge Detector options are:\n");
- printf("\n\t1. Type of edge detector is %d", *detect_type);
- printf("\n\t (recall 1=Prewitt 2=Kirsch");
- printf("\n\t 3=Sobel 4=quick");
- printf("\n\t 5=homogeneity 6=difference");
- printf("\n\t 7=contrast 8=gaussian");
- printf("\n\t2. Threshold output is %d (0=off 1=on)", *threshold);
- printf("\n\t3. High threshold is %d", *high);
- printf("\n\t4. Size is %d (gaussian only)", *size);
- printf("\n\nEnter choice (0 = no change) _\b");
-
-
- get_integer(&response);
-
- if(response == 0){
- not_finished = 0;
- }
-
-
- if(response == 1){
- printf("\n\nEnter type of edge detector");
- printf("\n\t (recall 1=Prewitt 2=Kirsch");
- printf("\n\t 3=Sobel 4=quick");
- printf("\n\t 5=homogeneity 6=difference");
- printf("\n\t 7=contrast 8=gaussian");
- printf("\n _\b");
- get_integer(detect_type);
- }
-
- if(response == 2){
- printf("\n\nEnter threshold output (0=off 1=on)");
- printf("\n _\b");
- get_integer(threshold);
- }
-
- if(response == 3){
- printf("\n\nEnter high threshold");
- printf("\n _\b");
- get_integer(high);
- }
-
- if(response == 4){
- printf("\n\nEnter size for gaussian (7 or 9)");
- printf("\n _\b");
- get_integer(size);
- }
- } /* ends while not_finished */
-
- } /* ends get_edge_options */
-
-
-
-
-
-
- /***********************************************
- *
- * fix_edges(...
- *
- * This function fixes the edges of an image
- * array after convolution was performed.
- * It copies the points near the edge of the
- * array out to the edge of the array.
- *
- ***********************************************/
-
-
-
- fix_edges(im, w)
- int w;
- short im[ROWS][COLS];
- {
- int i, j;
-
-
- /* four corners */
- for(i=w; i>0; i--){
- im[i-1][i-1] = im[i][i];
- im[i-1][COLS-(i-1)] = im[i][COLS-1-(i-1)];
- im[ROWS-(i-1)][i-1] = im[ROWS-1-(i-1)][i];
- im[ROWS-(i-1)][COLS-(i-1)] = im[ROWS-1-(i-1)][COLS-1-(i-1)];
- } /* ends four corners loop */
-
- for(i=0; i<ROWS; i++){
- for(j=w; j>0; j--){
- im[i][j-1] = im[i][j];
- im[i][COLS-j] = im[i][COLS-j-1];
- }
- }
-
- for(j=0; j<COLS; j++){
- for(i=w; i>0; i--){
- im[i-1][j] = im[i][j];
- im[ROWS-i][j] = im[ROWS-i-1][j];
- }
- }
-
- } /* ends fix_edges */